?現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2018年4月真題試題（00830）

現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2018年4月真題試題與答案解析（00830）

現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2018年4月真題試題與答案解析（00830），本試卷總共100分。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題

Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% ×10=20% )

1. Language is a system of arbitrary ________symbols used for human communication.

A.visual
B.vocal
C.written
D.spoken

2. The English sounds [j] and [w] are____.

A.liquids
B.glides
C.affricatives
D.nasals

3. The optimum age for second language acquisition is .

A.early teenage
B.7 years old
C.6 years old
D.20 years old

4. modify the meaning and in many cases change the part of speech of the original word.

A.Prefixes
B.Roots
C.Suffixes
D.Stems

5. Neurolinguists have concluded that three areas of the left hemisphere are vital to language, namely, Broca’s area, Wernick’s area and .

A.neurons
B.cerebral cortex
C.Exner’s area
D.the angular gyrus

6.A clause that takes a subject and a finite verb, and at the same time stands alone is known as a finite clause.

A.semantically
B.structurally
C.sociolinguistically
D.phonologically

7.__________ is a linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used by an individual or by a group of speakers, such as the inhabitants of a particular region or a nation.

A.Creole
B.Vernacular
C.Bilingualism
D.Diglossia

8.The sense relation that holds between the two words piece and peace is .

A.polysemy
B.homonymy
C.hyponymy
D.synonymy

9.As an important theory in the pragmatic study of language, speech act theory was originated with in the late 50’s of the 20th century.

A.Paul Grice
B.John Searle
C.Noam Chomsky
D.John Austin

10. In general, linguistic change in the system and the vocabulary of a language is more noticeable than that in other systems of the grammar.

A.syntactic
B.morphological
C.sound
D.semantic

二、單詞填空

Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1% ×10=10% )

11. According to Chomsky, a speaker has internalized a set of r __________about his language, which enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences.

12. English vowels may be distinguished as front, c__________ and back.

13. B ____________learning theory suggested that a child"s verbal behavior was conditioned through association between a stimulus and the following response.

14. I__________ morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.

15. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l___________ .

16. Syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker is known as linguistic c___________.

17. A p ______is a variety of language that is generally used by native speakers of other languages as a medium of communication.

18. S ________refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning.

19. According to J. Austin, a l_________ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.

110.It is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English, M____ English and Modem English.

三、判斷改錯題

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. ( 2%×10=20% )

21. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary.

22. [s] and [z] arc two alveolar fricatives in English.

23. In general, language learning refers to children"s development of their first language.

24. The word update is formed by derivation.

25. The case of Genie demonstrates that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period.

26. Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.

27. Of the two sounds /b/ and /l/, children are more likely to acquire /l/ first rather than /b/.

28. The conceptualist view of meaning was further strengthened by Bloomfield, who drew on behaviorist psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic form.

29. Utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication.

210. Language change is essentially a matter of change in the grammar.

四、名詞解釋

Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )

31. displacement

32. phoneme

33. interlanguage

34. root

35. the critical period hypothesis

36. Universal Grammar

37. slang

38. hyponymy

39. perlocutionary act

310. semantic change

五、問答題

Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )

41. Linguistics is generally defined as scientific study of language. Describe briefly the process of linguistic study.

42. What is the Cooperative Principle? Please make an analysis of what maxim is violated by B and what implicature is produced in the following conversation. A: The speaker is an awful bore. Don"t you think? B: The lecture hall is spacious, isn"t it? (This is said when it is known to both A and B that it is entirely possible for B to make a comment on the speaker.)