2014年四川大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題1

Reading Comprehension 1

In general,our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages,Nell-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and"human-relations"experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless,that he is bored with it.In fact,the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.

The worker and employee are anxious,not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.

Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job,they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence.From the moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists,for whom testing is a big business,and by their superiors,who judge their behavior,sociability,capacity to get along,etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress,the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century"free enterprise"capitalism?Certainly not.Problems the never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system form,a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maxima,production and consumption are ends in themselves,into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.

1．By"a well-oiled cog in the machinery"the author intends to deliver the idea that man is ____.

A．a(chǎn) necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible

B．working in complete harmony with the rest of the society

C．a(chǎn)n unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society

D．a(chǎn) humble component of the society,especially when working smoothly

2．The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.

A．they are likely to lose their jobs

B．they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life

C．they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence

D．they are deprived of their individuality and independence

3．From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.

A．who are at the bottom of the society

B．who are higher up in their social status

C．who prove better than their fellow-competitors

D．who could dip fir away from this competitive world

4．To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should ____.

A．resort to the production mode of our ancestors

B．offer higher wages to the workers and employees

C．enable man to fully develop his potentialities

D．take the fundamental realities for granted

5．The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ____.

A．a(chǎn)pproval

B．dissatisfaction

C．suspicion

D．susceptibility

【參考翻譯】

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們的社會(huì)正在成為由官僚管理指導(dǎo)的大型企業(yè)之一，在這種管理下，人成了機(jī)器中一個(gè)小小的、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪。石油是通過(guò)更高的工資、通風(fēng)良好的工廠和管道音樂(lè)，以及心理學(xué)家和“人際關(guān)系”希賽網(wǎng)來(lái)完成的;然而，所有這些石油并沒(méi)有改變一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是人類已經(jīng)變得無(wú)能為力了，他已經(jīng)對(duì)此感到厭倦了。事實(shí)上，藍(lán)領(lǐng)和白領(lǐng)已經(jīng)變成了隨著自動(dòng)化機(jī)器和官僚管理的節(jié)拍起舞的經(jīng)濟(jì)傀儡。

工人和雇員都很焦慮，不僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)失業(yè)，還因?yàn)樗麄儫o(wú)法從有趣的生活中獲得真正的滿足感。他們生與死，從來(lái)沒(méi)有作為情感上、智力上獨(dú)立和多產(chǎn)的人類，面對(duì)人類生存的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)。

那些社會(huì)地位較高的人也同樣焦慮不安。他們的生活和他們的下屬一樣空虛。在某些方面，他們甚至更加不安全。他們?cè)诩ち业母?jìng)爭(zhēng)中。被提升或落后不是薪水的問(wèn)題，而是自尊的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)他們申請(qǐng)第一份工作時(shí)，他們不僅要接受智力測(cè)試，還要接受順從和獨(dú)立的恰當(dāng)混合測(cè)試。從那一刻起，他們就一次次地接受測(cè)試——對(duì)心理學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，測(cè)試是一項(xiàng)大生意，而他們的上級(jí)則會(huì)評(píng)判他們的行為、社交能力、相處能力等等。不斷地需要證明自己和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手一樣好，甚至比對(duì)手更好，這就不斷地產(chǎn)生焦慮和壓力，而這些正是不快樂(lè)和疾病的根源。

我是在建議我們應(yīng)該回到工業(yè)化前的生產(chǎn)方式，還是回到19世紀(jì)的“自由企業(yè)”資本主義?當(dāng)然不是?；氐揭粋€(gè)已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大的階段，永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法解決的問(wèn)題。我建議把我們的社會(huì)制度形式，一種以最大限度、生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)為目的的官僚管理的工業(yè)主義，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)主義中，人和他的潛力的充分開(kāi)發(fā)——所有的愛(ài)和理性——是社會(huì)安排的目標(biāo)。生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)只應(yīng)作為達(dá)到這一目的的手段，并應(yīng)防止統(tǒng)治人類。

小編推薦：

2014年四川大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題匯總