2016年考研英語一閱讀理解

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Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.

Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.

[B] New runways would be constructed.

[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.

[D] The fashion industry would decline.

【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined

【解析】 推斷題。根據(jù)France定位到文章前兩段，第一段講法國決定時裝業(yè)失去了定義（define）形體美（physical beauty）的絕對權(quán)力。法國的立法者通過了一項法律，雇用超瘦的模特屬于犯罪，議會也禁止網(wǎng)站通過推崇極端節(jié)食“鼓動過度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. 他們建議美麗不應(yīng)該以傷害身體健康為代價的外表來界定?！庇纱丝芍?，法國通過立法手段來改變法國時裝業(yè)模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀，即[A]項的“形體美將會被重新定義”，是對原文內(nèi)容的合理推斷。[B]項“將會建造新的舞臺”，[C]項“有關(guān)節(jié)食的網(wǎng)站將會興起”，[D]項“時裝業(yè)將會衰退”，均不能從文中推測出來，屬于“無中生有”。

22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to____

[A] heightening the value of.

[B] indicating the state of.

[C] losing faith in.

[D] doing harm to.

【答案】 [D] doing harm to

【解析】猜詞題。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他們建議美麗不應(yīng)該以 身體健康為代價的外表來界定。”impinging on后面的賓語為“health”，即對健康的某種影響。根據(jù)第二段第三句“對超瘦模特的禁令似乎不僅僅是在防止模特挨餓致死——正如曾有人這么做過的”，可見法國目前的對美麗的定義導(dǎo)致了有人為了保持身材，挨餓致死，因此推測出這一短語在這里的意思為“侵犯，傷害”，[D]項“對……有害”正確。[A]項“增強了……的價值”，[B]項“反映了……的狀態(tài)”，[C]項“對……失去信心”均不符合句意。

23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

[A] The French measures have already failed.

[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.

[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.

[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.

【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark

【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句話“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion... 在丹麥，它正嘗試為模特設(shè)定自愿的標準……”，可知[B]項“在丹麥新的標準正在被設(shè)定”是對原文的同義替換。[A]項“法國的措施失敗了”；[C]項“不再有來自同行執(zhí)法的壓力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，屬于“正反混淆”；[D]項“它固有的問題變得更嚴重了”，文中第五段只提及時裝業(yè)有固有的問題，并未提及“變得更嚴重”，屬于“無中生有”。

24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____

[A] setting a high age threshold for models.

[B] caring too much about models’ character.

[C] showing little concern for health factors.

[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.

【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors

【解析】推斷題。題設(shè)為“一個設(shè)計師很可能因為什么原因被CFW拒絕”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞CFW可回到文中定位至倒數(shù)第二段，該段提到丹麥的時尚界就有關(guān)模特的年齡、健康及其他特性的內(nèi)容達成一致意見，且一項新法案也明確規(guī)定，他們已經(jīng)意識到時尚界對于人們尤其是年輕人的身體健康所帶來的影響，并且應(yīng)該對此承擔(dān)責(zé)任，這一法規(guī)的執(zhí)行方式就是拒絕一些設(shè)計師和模特經(jīng)紀機構(gòu)參加哥本哈根時裝周（CFW）。因此[C]項的“不關(guān)心健康因素”符合題意，為正確答案。[D]項“追求完美的身體狀況”，[B]項的“過多關(guān)注模特的性格”，[A]項“設(shè)定了一個模特高齡門檻”，均不符合題意。

25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

【解析】主旨題。本文從首段就開始闡述法國通過立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，時裝業(yè)已經(jīng)失去了定義女性身體之美的絕對權(quán)力，且議會也禁止網(wǎng)站通過宣傳過度節(jié)食來強調(diào)過度消瘦。第二段繼續(xù)說明美麗不能只看外表，更不能以犧牲健康為代價，時裝業(yè)應(yīng)該為傳遞給女性的不良信息負責(zé)。第三段說明女性不該讓他人來評判自己的美麗。第四段講法國的措施更多的是依靠嚴厲的懲罰。最后三段提到了丹麥與法國截然不同的措施?？v觀全文，文章主要在講各個對解決目前模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀的措施，因此[D]項的“對時裝業(yè)身體典范的挑戰(zhàn)”是對原文的“高度概括”。

Text 2

For the first time in history, more people live in towns than in the county. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal firmly, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.

At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priori over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.

The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are.in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.

The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more house but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against. high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have growl and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?

Development should be planned .not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. there is no doubt of the alternative - the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal Spain or Ireland avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite left and right of the political spectrum.

26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside

[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.

[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.

[C] is fully backed by the royal family.

[D] is not well reflected in politics.

【答案】 [D] is not well reflected in politics

【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干回到原文精確定位到首段最后一句：“然而民意調(diào)查顯示英國人把鄉(xiāng)村與皇室家族、莎士比亞和醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系一起視為使他們?yōu)樽约焊械阶钭院赖氖挛?，這擁有有限的政治支持”，該句中的polls“民意調(diào)查“對應(yīng)題干中的public sentiment，“this has limited political support”對應(yīng)[D]項“is not well reflected in politics”，意為“在政治上沒有得到很好的反響”，是對原文的同義替換。[B]項“給醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系帶了了很多益處”，[A]項“直到莎士比亞時期才開始”，[C]項“得到了皇室家族的全力支持”，文章均未提及，屬于“無中生有”。

27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being

[A] gradually destroyed.

[B] effectively reinforced..

[C] properly protected.

[D] largely overshadowed.

【答案】 [D] largely overshadowed

【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的the National Trust定位到第二段首句。第二段首句提到這一項目的目的是為每個人一直保存自然地區(qū)的美麗。再根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Hill的項目創(chuàng)造出公園和綠地。他們不再制造鄉(xiāng)村了，而且每年鋼筋混凝土消耗的鄉(xiāng)村越來越多。鄉(xiāng)村需要持久的保護”?？芍敃r的項目取得的成就已經(jīng)不再發(fā)揮影響，[D]項“被大大奪去了光輝（即失去了影響力）”為正確選項。[A]項“被漸漸破壞”，[B]項“被有效地加強了”，[C]項“被合理地保護”，均不符合題意。

28. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3?

[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development

[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.

[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.

[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.

【答案】 [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段。第二段提到鄉(xiāng)村亟待保護，第三段首句提到在接下來的選舉中似乎沒有一個大的政黨支持這種（公眾）情緒。第六七句提到：只有Ukip意識到其機會，支持那些懇求在使用綠地上有更周全的方法的人，它發(fā)起的“保護英國鄉(xiāng)村”的運動使許多當?shù)氐谋Ｊ攸h感到恐懼?？梢奤kip的做法符合大眾情緒，會因此獲益。[A]項的“Ukip可能因支持保護鄉(xiāng)村而獲益”是對原文的同義替換。

29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference

[A] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.

[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.

[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.

[D] highlights his firm stand i against lobby Pressure.

【答案】[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas

【解析】 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞George Osborne定位至第五段，第五段第二句提到Osborne支持鄉(xiāng)村新建住宅反對城市改造和重建，支持郊區(qū)購物場所反對城市商業(yè)街。由此可知Osborne的是支持城市保護，反對鄉(xiāng)村保護。接下來幾句作者表達了自己的觀點：這不是一個自由的市場而是一個有偏見的市場。接著提到：鄉(xiāng)村的小鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村已經(jīng)得到發(fā)展并將繼續(xù)發(fā)展，它們在建筑堅持界線和尊重它們的特點方面做的非常好，我們沒有破壞城市受保護的區(qū)域，為什么要破壞鄉(xiāng)村的呢？可見Osborne的觀點只強調(diào)城市，忽視了鄉(xiāng)村，[B]項“表明他對鄉(xiāng)村區(qū)域特色的忽視”符合文意，為正確選項。[A]項“揭示出對城市區(qū)域的強烈偏見”，Osborne重視城市反對鄉(xiāng)村，與文意相悖；[C]項“強調(diào)了緩解住房壓力的必要性”，[D]項“突出了他反對游說團壓力的堅定立場”，文中并未提及，屬于“無中生有”。

30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of

[A] the size of population in Britain.

[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.

[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain.

[D]the political life in today’s Britain.

【答案】 [C] the town-and-country planning in Britain

【解析】 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第二句：“Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.”，[C]項的“the town-and-country planning in Britain”是對原文的同義替換，為正確選項。[A]項“英國人口的規(guī)?！保琜B]項“英國令人羨慕的都市生活方式”，[D]項“當今英國的政治生活”，均不符合題意。

Text 3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.

Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.

31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with

[A] tolerance

[B] skepticism

[C] uncertainty

[D] approval

【答案】[B]

【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干問的是作者對有關(guān)CSR方面Milton Friedman的說法是什么態(tài)度。根據(jù)信號詞Milton Friedman這個人定位到首段。注意題干問的是作者的看法，因此定位到第二句but轉(zhuǎn)折處。But后句子的主干為：things may not be absolutely clear-cut，可見作者對Milton Friedman所說的內(nèi)容并不完全贊同，故選擇答案[B]項懷疑。[A]項容忍，[C]項不確定，[D]項贊同，這三項均不是作者的態(tài)度，故排除。

32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

[A] winning trust from consumers.

[B] guarding it against malpractices.

[C] protecting it from being defamed.

[D] raising the quality of its products.

【答案】[A]

【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的出處提示“Paragraph 2”定位到第二段第二句：This could add value to their businesses in three ways. This指的是CSR，根據(jù)接下來講到的三點：第一點是，消費者認為這樣的公司產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比較高；第二點是，顧客更愿意購買這樣公司的產(chǎn)品；第三點是，通過一個更為廣泛的“暈輪效應(yīng)”，消費者會更多地考慮這樣的公司的產(chǎn)品?？芍?，有CSR支出的公司會吸引更多的消費者，[A]項“贏得消費者的信任”，是對整個三點的總結(jié)，故為正確答案。[B]項 防止公司里的玩忽職守，[C]項 保護公司免受毀謗，[D]項 提升公司產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，均在原文中未提及，故排除。

33. The expression “more lenient’ (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to

[A] more effective

[B] less controversial

[C] less severe

[D] more lasting

【答案】[C]

【解析】猜詞題。根據(jù)題干中的出處提示“l(fā)ine 2, para. 4”及信號詞“more lenient”定位到原文中的第四段第一句：The study found that...penalties。明顯此句中more lenient 修飾 penalties(懲罰) ，要想推測出more lenient的含義，需要知道被起訴的公司中，那些有著全面的CSR項目的公司和penalties 之間的聯(lián)系。本項在第五段的最后一句最容易被看出來，第五段最后一句提到那些在CSR有較大投資的公司，當被起訴有賄賂行為時，所受到的罰金要比通常的罰金低40%左右，可知這樣的公司會受到較輕的懲罰，故more lenient是較輕，即較不嚴重的意思，故選[C]項。[A]項 更有效的，[B]項 較少有爭議的，[D]項 更持久的，這三項均不是more lenient的意思，故排除。

34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record

[A] has an impact on their decision.

[B] comes across as reliable evidence.

[C] increases the chance of being penalized.

[D] constitutes part of the investigation.

【答案】[A]

【解析】細節(jié)題。題干問的是 CSR record 與 prosecutors evaluate a case 的關(guān)系，根據(jù)題干中的信號詞prosecutors evaluate a case可回文中定位到第五段第一句：In all...in CSR。這里的be influenced與[A]項 has an impact 對應(yīng)，即一個公司的CSR會影響檢察官對其案件的評估，故選[A]項。[B]項被檢察官認為是可靠的證據(jù)，[C]項 增加了被懲罰的機會，[D]項 構(gòu)成了調(diào)查的一部分，這三項均在原文中沒有提及，故排除。

35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?

[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.

[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.

[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.

[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.

【答案】[B]

【解析】判斷題題干問的是根據(jù)最后一段，有關(guān)CSR的論述哪個是對的。定位到原文最后一段，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容可知“研究人員承認到其研究沒有回答如下問題：公司應(yīng)該在CSR方面花費多少錢”。[B]項的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花費是未知的”，屬于原文的同義替換，故正確。[A]項 CSR對公司的負面影響經(jīng)常被忽視，[C]項 公司對CSR的經(jīng)濟承擔(dān)力被過高估計了，[D]項 CSR給銀行業(yè)帶來了很多好處，這三項在文中均為提及，故排除。

Text 4

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks — isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print and sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but risking to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Pere.

Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about do, it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”

Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you are overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said, “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.

“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”

36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to

[A] the pressure form its investors

[B] the complaints from its readers

[C] the high cost of operation

[D] the increasing online ad sales.

【答案】[C]

【解析】細節(jié)題。題干問的是《紐約時報》考慮停止紙質(zhì)版新聞印刷出版的原因是什么。文章首段首句即是此內(nèi)容的同義表達，第二段解釋具體原因，第二句：The infrastructure...isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. 意思是紙質(zhì)印刷所要求的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不僅僅貴而且多余，因為他們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)競爭對手沒有這樣的經(jīng)濟上的限制。[C]項“運行的高成本”是對原文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，故正確。[A]項 來自于投資者的壓力，[B]項 來自于讀者的投訴，[D]項 網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告銷售的增長，這三項在文中均未提及，故排除。

37.Peretti suggests that.in face of the present situation, the Times should

[A] make strategic adjustments

[B] end the print edition for good

[C] seek new sources of readership

[D] aim for efficient management

【答案】[A]

【解析】細節(jié)題。題干問的是：面對目前的形勢，Peretti建議《紐約時報》怎么做。根據(jù)信號詞Peretti回原文中定位至第四段，首句內(nèi)容是Peretti說《紐約時報》不該浪費時間去想著如何停止紙質(zhì)印刷，而應(yīng)該找到一種正確的方法去解決這件事。接著第二句Peretti說找到一種方式來促進這種轉(zhuǎn)變會對他們來說有用處?？芍狿eretti認為《紐約時報》應(yīng)當做出一些改變而非停止紙質(zhì)版的發(fā)行，[A]項“做出策略上的調(diào)整”是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故正確。[B]項 永遠結(jié)束紙質(zhì)版，與原文意思相反，故排除；[C]項 尋求新的讀者資源，[D]項 以高效的管理為目標，在原文中未提及，故排除。

38.It can be inferred front Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “l(fā)egacy product”

[A] will have the cost of printing reduced.

[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.

[C] helps restore the glory of former times.

[D] expands the popularity of the paper.

【答案】[B]

【題型】推斷題。

【解析】題干意思為：從第五、六段可以推斷出“傳承產(chǎn)品” 。根據(jù)信號詞legacy product定位到第五段最后一句：I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.不僅要提高價格還要將它變?yōu)橐环N遺留品。單單這一句不足以做出選擇，需要繼續(xù)往下看在第六段中有沒有對于這個詞的解釋。第六段開頭提到了他認為大部分忠實的消費者依舊會堅持購買他們喜歡的產(chǎn)品，而且他們會認為是在幫助維持他們所信任的產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量?？梢奝eretti認為忠實的購買者不會有改變，如果可以每年增加一些比例，那么依舊是可以創(chuàng)收的。緊接著出現(xiàn)了in other worlds(換句話說)，如果我們要做這些print product(印刷產(chǎn)品)，那就為那些已經(jīng)癡迷于他們的人而做吧。[B]項“是為多數(shù)忠實的顧客設(shè)計的”，是對原文內(nèi)容的同義替換，為正確答案。[A]項 會降低印刷成本，[C]項 重建以往的榮耀，[D]項 擴大報紙的受歡迎程度，這三項均在文中未提及，故排除。

39. Peretti believes that in a changing world,

[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.

[B] aggressiveness better meets challenges.

[C] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.

[D] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.

【答案】[B]

【題型】細節(jié)題。

【解析】題干以為：Peretti認為，在一個變化的世界里 。根據(jù)信號詞Peretti和changing world可回文中定位到文章最后一段，由最后一段可知Peretti認為在市場在變化、世界在變化的情況中，更有進取心是更好的。[B]項“進取精神可以更好地迎接挑戰(zhàn)”，本項是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故正確。[A]項 傳統(tǒng)的奢侈品不會受到影響，在文中未提及，故排除；[C]項 謹慎小心促進問題的解決，與原文意思相反，故排除；[D]項 傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)正在變得過時，在文中未提及，故排除。

40 . Which of the following would be the best title of the text

[A] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good

[B] Keep Your Newspaper Forever in Fashion

[C] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand

[D] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once

【答案】[A]

【題型】主旨題。

【解析】全文由《紐約時報》紙質(zhì)版終有一天會面臨倒閉的危機引出話題，重點闡述Peretti對此問題的看法：《紐約時報》紙質(zhì)版應(yīng)該考慮轉(zhuǎn)型——為大部分忠實的顧客提供遺留品。后面接著闡述了如何將《紐約時報》做成這種專為忠實的顧客制作的高價遺留品。[A]項“將你的印刷報紙做成一個奢侈品”，a luxury good是對原文中提到的高價“l(fā)egacy product”的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故正確。B.始終保持你的報紙時尚前沿，[C]項 珍惜你手中仍然擁有的報紙，[D]項 立刻轉(zhuǎn)向網(wǎng)絡(luò)在線報紙，均不是本文要的主旨，故排除。