2020年6月英語四級閱讀理解模擬題（二）

Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.

The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition  and heat-related health problems.

But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.

Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.

Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was "a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受傷害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed."

However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.

In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.

62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?

A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.

B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.

C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.

D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.

63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?

A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.

B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.

C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.

D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.

64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?

A) Its statistics look embarrassing. C) It deserves our closest attention.

B) It is invalid in terms of methodology. D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.

65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?

A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.

B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.

C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.

D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.

66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?

A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.

B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.

C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.

D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.

本篇文章主要是圍繞一份來自Global Humanitarian Forum的報告展開的，在解題之前，通過對5個題干的瀏覽，以及在原文中的定位，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這篇文章是嚴格按照順序原則來出題的。每一個題干中都有大寫的字母，這些首字母大寫的單詞既是關鍵詞，也是定位詞，可以有效地幫助我們到原文中準確定位，節(jié)省答題時間。

62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?

答案：B. Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.

關鍵詞：Global Humanitarian Forum

定位：第一段、第二段

解析：一般而言，四級的閱讀題目大致遵循順序原則，此篇文章正好是遵循此規(guī)律的。在文章的第一段，第一行，我們看到“… 300,000 deaths and about $ 125 billion …”,根據這里，我們可以把答案鎖定在選項A(economic)和選項B (Rates of death)，然后我們接著往下看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，第二段就沒有再提到金錢方面了，而都是在講死亡和疾病的話題，如第二段的第三行“… death rates from illnesses … ”。所以，最后正確的選項是B。

63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?

答案：A. It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.

關鍵詞：learn 、Forum's report

定位：第三段

解析：根據順序原則，我們在接下來的第三段里就找到了63題的答案。第三段的第一行就講到“the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk”，這和A選項是完全相一致的，challenged是criticism的同義替換。B選項中的“interest”表示“興趣”，主要用于好的事物，這里講的都是對the Forum's repor的批評，顯然就不合適了。C選項表達的意思跟原文正好相反，這個是肯定要排除的。然后，有的同學可能會選到D選項，可能是受到文中第四段“… primarily in poor countries ,were being seriously effected …”這句話的影響。但是D選項中“a big stir”“一陣巨大的騷亂”文中是完全沒有提到的。

64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?

答案：B. It is invalid in terms of methodology.

關鍵詞：Dr. Pielke、say

定位：第五段

解析：在第五段，我們可以很快找到Pielke，然后找到他說的話，第二行“the Forum's report was ‘a methodological embarrassment'”,然后在第六行“but the report, he said‘will harm the … it is so deeply flawed'”。根據這兩句話，選項中invalid 是flawed的同義替換， 我們可以很容易地選到B。

65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?

答案：D. Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.

關鍵詞：Soren Andreasen

定位：第六段

解析：在第六段的第二行和第三行，可以看到“the number were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders … ”,根據這兩句話，我們就能較輕松地將正確答案鎖定在D選項。

66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?

答案：D. How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.

關鍵詞：Kofi Annan、focus of the Copenhagen conference

定位：第七段(即文中的最后一段)

解析：最后一段是Kofi Annan說的一段話。我們在最后一段的第二行，focus on后面“… from rich to poor regions to help reduce … ”后面的內容就無需再花時間去看了，因為他focus(關注)的地方，在此就已經陳述清楚了，正確答案就是D。

它的弦外之音，假如你的朋友個個身體欠佳，那么你身體也不會好到哪里去。